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Proverbs Chapter 23 (ESV):
- When you sit down to eat with a ruler, observe carefully what is before you,
- and put a knife to your throat if you are given to appetite.
- Do not desire his delicacies, for they are deceptive food.
- Do not toil to acquire wealth; be discerning enough to desist.
- When your eyes light on it, it is gone, for suddenly it sprouts wings, flying like an eagle toward heaven.
- Do not eat the bread of a man who is stingy; do not desire his delicacies,
- for he is like one who is inwardly calculating. "Eat and drink!" he says to you, but his heart is not with you.
- You will vomit up the morsels that you have eaten, and waste your pleasant words.
- Do not speak in the hearing of a fool, for he will despise the good sense of your words.
- Do not move an ancient landmark or enter the fields of the fatherless,
- for their Redeemer is strong; he will plead their cause against you.
- Apply your heart to instruction and your ear to words of knowledge.
- Do not withhold discipline from a child; if you strike him with a rod, he will not die.
- If you strike him with the rod, you will save his soul from Sheol.
- My son, if your heart is wise, my heart too will be glad.
- My inmost being will exult when your lips speak what is right.
- Let not your heart envy sinners, but continue in the fear of the LORD all the day.
- Surely there is a future, and your hope will not be cut off.
- Hear, my son, and be wise, and direct your heart in the way.
- Be not among drunkards or among gluttonous eaters of meat,
- for the drunkard and the glutton will come to poverty, and slumber will clothe them with rags.
- Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
- Buy truth, and do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding.
- The father of the righteous will greatly rejoice; he who fathers a wise son will be glad in him.
- Let your father and mother be glad; let her who bore you rejoice.
- My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes observe my ways.
- For a prostitute is a deep pit; an adulteress is a narrow well.
- She lies in wait like a robber and increases the traitors among mankind.
- Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has strife? Who has complaining? Who has wounds without cause? Who has redness of eyes?
- Those who tarry long over wine; those who go to try mixed wine.
- Do not look at wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup and goes down smoothly.
- In the end it bites like a serpent and stings like an adder.
- Your eyes will see strange things, and your heart utter perverse things.
- You will be like one who lies down in the midst of the sea, like one who lies on the top of a mast.
- "They struck me," you will say, "but I was not hurt; they beat me, but I did not feel it. When shall I awake? I must have another drink."
Christian Theologians' thoughts about this/these verse(s):
Matthew Henry - A nonconformist minister and author known for his practical and devotional commentary on the Bible. His work reflects a Calvinist perspective.
- Quote: "We must beware of the baits of sensual pleasure which are laid to entangle us, and must not covet that which will do us hurt."
- Year: 1710
- Context: In his commentary on Proverbs, Henry emphasizes the moral and spiritual dangers of gluttony and excessive desire for wealth or pleasure, aligning with the chapter's warnings.
Charles Spurgeon - A prominent Baptist preacher in the 19th century, known for his powerful sermons and writings on the practical application of Scripture.
- Quote: "The appetite for luxury and indulgence is like an insatiable monster; one must constantly guard against it."
- Year: 1865
- Context: Spurgeon often preached on the need for self-control and moderation, using Proverbs 23 as a basis for discussing Christian temperance and discipline.
John Calvin - A leading figure in the Protestant Reformation, whose theology emphasized the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination.
- Quote: "We are to keep our desires within the bounds of sobriety, not only because excess leads to ruin, but also because it estranges us from God."
- Year: 1551
- Context: In his commentary on Proverbs, Calvin focused on the moral implications of human actions, particularly regarding the stewardship of one's body and soul as per the teachings in Proverbs 23.
Historical Setting and Author Background:
Proverbs 23 is part of the biblical wisdom literature traditionally attributed to Solomon, though scholars debate the exact authorship, suggesting contributions from various wise men or editors over time. This chapter, like much of Proverbs, was likely compiled during or after Solomon's reign, possibly during the time of Hezekiah, who is known for preserving Solomon's proverbs (Proverbs 25:1). The setting reflects a time when wisdom was taught through instruction, often in a palace or educational context, focusing on life lessons for young men entering society, governance, or family life.
The purpose of this chapter is cautionary, imparting wisdom about the dangers of greed, gluttony, and the misuse of wealth and power. It serves as a guide for living a life that honors God, particularly in social interactions and personal conduct, which are crucial in the formation of character in young leaders.
Hebrew Word Origins and Pronunciations, Meanings of Significant Terms:
The significance of these words lies in their depiction of moral and ethical standards. "Wisdom" (chokmah) is not just knowledge but the application of Godly principles in daily life, while terms like "soul" and "man" focus on personal integrity and character formation.
- מֶלֶךְ (melek) - Pronounced "meh-lek," meaning "king" or "ruler." Reflects the authority and the context of dining with someone of power.
- נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh) - Pronounced "neh-fesh," often translated as "soul" or "appetite," illustrating the control one should have over personal desires.
- חָכְמָה (chokmah) - Pronounced "khokh-mah," meaning "wisdom," central to the theme of gaining knowledge and discipline.
- אִישׁ (ish) - Pronounced "eesh," meaning "man," particularly in the context of a stingy man or a wise son.
The significance of these words lies in their depiction of moral and ethical standards. "Wisdom" (chokmah) is not just knowledge but the application of Godly principles in daily life, while terms like "soul" and "man" focus on personal integrity and character formation.
Greek Word Origins and Pronunciations, Meanings of Significant Terms:
These Greek terms, used in the Septuagint translation, bring a broader understanding of wisdom and personal conduct, aligning with the Hellenistic influence on Jewish thought, emphasizing the universal application of wisdom across cultures.
- βασιλεύς (basileus) - Pronounced "ba-see-lews," Greek for "king," akin to the Hebrew "melek."
- ψυχή (psyche) - Pronounced "psoo-khay," corresponding to the Hebrew "nephesh," emphasizing the inner life and control over one's desires.
- σοφία (sophia) - Pronounced "so-fee-ah," the Greek equivalent to "chokmah," denoting wisdom or prudence.
These Greek terms, used in the Septuagint translation, bring a broader understanding of wisdom and personal conduct, aligning with the Hellenistic influence on Jewish thought, emphasizing the universal application of wisdom across cultures.
Major and Minor Themes:
Major Themes:
Minor Themes:
These themes are vital for modern men, especially leaders, as they highlight the need for self-discipline, wise decision-making, and the cultivation of a family environment where truth and wisdom are cherished. They guide men to lead by example, ensuring their actions reflect a balanced life that can inspire and educate future generations.
Major Themes:
- Temperance and Moderation: Avoiding excess in food, drink, and wealth.
- Wisdom and Instruction: The pursuit of knowledge and understanding for righteous living.
Minor Themes:
- Parental Guidance: The role of parents in teaching moral conduct.
- Avoidance of Folly: Warnings against foolishness, particularly in social settings.
These themes are vital for modern men, especially leaders, as they highlight the need for self-discipline, wise decision-making, and the cultivation of a family environment where truth and wisdom are cherished. They guide men to lead by example, ensuring their actions reflect a balanced life that can inspire and educate future generations.
Modern Day example of applying this verse and takeaways for modern times:
In today's world, where the pursuit of wealth, status, and pleasure can often lead to moral and spiritual bankruptcy, Proverbs 23 provides timeless wisdom. A modern man might apply these verses by being cautious about the company he keeps, especially in business or social settings where excess might be the norm. For instance, in professional gatherings or networking events, one might be tempted to indulge in drinks or lavish meals to fit in or impress, but Proverbs advises a measured approach, recognizing these as potentially deceptive or harmful.
At home, this chapter encourages fathers to be involved in the moral education of their children, not just through words but through the example of their own restraint and integrity. It's a call to teach children the value of hard work over quick gains, the importance of truth over deception, and the beauty of a simple, contented life over one filled with material excess. In marriage, understanding and practicing moderation can prevent many conflicts arising from greed or indulgence.
In today's world, where the pursuit of wealth, status, and pleasure can often lead to moral and spiritual bankruptcy, Proverbs 23 provides timeless wisdom. A modern man might apply these verses by being cautious about the company he keeps, especially in business or social settings where excess might be the norm. For instance, in professional gatherings or networking events, one might be tempted to indulge in drinks or lavish meals to fit in or impress, but Proverbs advises a measured approach, recognizing these as potentially deceptive or harmful.
At home, this chapter encourages fathers to be involved in the moral education of their children, not just through words but through the example of their own restraint and integrity. It's a call to teach children the value of hard work over quick gains, the importance of truth over deception, and the beauty of a simple, contented life over one filled with material excess. In marriage, understanding and practicing moderation can prevent many conflicts arising from greed or indulgence.
Connections to Other Biblical Passages:
Old Testament Connections:
New Testament Connections:
These connections highlight a consistent biblical narrative advocating for moderation, justice, and wisdom, which are crucial for personal and communal flourishing. They encourage men to live lives of integrity, to be protectors and providers not just materially but spiritually, ensuring their actions reflect Christ-like wisdom.
Old Testament Connections:
- Proverbs 15:1 - The theme of controlling one's responses in social settings aligns with the caution against speaking to fools.
- Deuteronomy 27:17 - The warning against moving landmarks connects with the protection of the vulnerable, like the fatherless.
New Testament Connections:
- Ephesians 5:18 - The warning against drunkenness parallels the caution in Proverbs 23 about the dangers of wine.
- 1 Timothy 6:10 - The love of money as a root of all kinds of evil echoes the advice against toiling after wealth.
These connections highlight a consistent biblical narrative advocating for moderation, justice, and wisdom, which are crucial for personal and communal flourishing. They encourage men to live lives of integrity, to be protectors and providers not just materially but spiritually, ensuring their actions reflect Christ-like wisdom.
Summary:
Proverbs 23 serves as a guide for navigating life's temptations and societal pressures with wisdom and integrity. It warns against the pitfalls of excess in eating, drinking, and the pursuit of wealth, advocating instead for a life of discipline, truth, and understanding. This chapter is a reminder for men to lead with wisdom, to educate their children in righteousness, and to maintain personal integrity in all aspects of life, from work to family.
Proverbs 23 serves as a guide for navigating life's temptations and societal pressures with wisdom and integrity. It warns against the pitfalls of excess in eating, drinking, and the pursuit of wealth, advocating instead for a life of discipline, truth, and understanding. This chapter is a reminder for men to lead with wisdom, to educate their children in righteousness, and to maintain personal integrity in all aspects of life, from work to family.
Questions for Deeper Thought:
How can you apply the principle of moderation in your daily life to better reflect your values and faith?
How can you apply the principle of moderation in your daily life to better reflect your values and faith?
- This question invites introspection on how one's lifestyle might align with or deviate from biblical principles of temperance, particularly in areas like consumption, ambition, or social behavior.
In what ways can you ensure your legacy is one of wisdom rather than wealth?
- Here, the focus is on the lasting impact one can have through teaching and modeling wisdom, encouraging men to consider what they are truly leaving behind for their children and community.
A Short Prayer:
Heavenly Father,
Heavenly Father,
Guide us men to lead with wisdom, to cherish truth over wealth, and to model restraint and integrity in our homes and workplaces. Help us to teach our children the value of a life well-lived in Your sight, one that prioritizes Your wisdom over the fleeting pleasures of this world. Strengthen us to resist temptation and to be examples of Your love and moderation.
Amen.